The Republic of Georgia declared its independence in early 1991 as the Soviet Union began to fall apart. Amidst this backdrop, a war between Georgia and separatists left parts of the former South Ossetian Autonomous Oblast under the de facto control of Russian-backed but internationally unrecognised separatists. Following the war, a joint peacekeeping force of Georgian, Russian, and Ossetian troops was stationed in the territory. A similar stalemate developed in the region of Abkhazia, where Abkhaz separatists had waged war in 1992–1993. Following the election of Vladimir Putin in Russia in 2000 and a pro-Western change of power in Georgia in 2003, relations between Russia and Georgia began to deteriorate, reaching a full diplomatic crisis by April 2008. From 1 August 2008, South Ossetian separatists shelled Georgian villages, with a sporadic response from Georgian troops in the area.[32][33][34][35][36] Artillery attacks by pro-Russian separatists broke the 1992 ceasefire agreement, which stipulated this type of weaponry was not allowed to be deployed in the conflict zone.[38][39][40] When Georgian president Saakashvili announced a unilateral ceasefire on the evening of 7 August 2008,[41][42][43] a new wave of South Ossetian attacks on Georgian villages followed.[44] This triggered the Georgian government into "restoring the constitutional order",[45] and sending the Georgian Army to the South Ossetian conflict zone just before midnight on 7 August.[46] Georgian troops took control of most of Tskhinvali, a separatist stronghold, in hours.
Georgia insisted Russian troops had illicitly crossed the Russo-Georgian state border through the Roki Tunnel and advanced into the South Ossetian conflict zone by 7 August before the Georgian military operation,[40][47][48][49][50][51][52][53] an accusation which Russia denied. The infamous EU Report said it "is not in a position" to consider the Georgian claims to be substantiated enough, while recognizing reports in Russian media which indicated Russian troops and equipment which did not fall under the peacekeeping mandate were present on the southern side of the Caucasus range, in South Ossetia.[54][55] Russia accused Georgia of "aggression against South Ossetia",[46] and launched a full-scale land, air and sea invasion of Georgia on 8 August which Russia called a "peace enforcement" operation.[56] Russian and South Ossetian forces fought Georgian forces in and around South Ossetia for several days, until Georgian forces retreated. Russian and Abkhaz forces opened a second front by attacking the Kodori Gorge held by Georgia. Russian naval forces blockaded part of the Georgian coast. The Russian air force attacked targets beyond the conflict zone, in undisputed parts of Georgia. This was the first war in history in which cyber warfare coincided with military action. An information war was also waged during and after the conflict. Nicolas Sarkozy, the President of France, negotiated a ceasefire agreement on 12 August.
Russian forces temporarily occupied the Georgian cities of Zugdidi, Senaki, Poti and Gori, holding on to these areas beyond the ceasefire. The South Ossetians destroyed most ethnic Georgian villages in South Ossetia and were responsible for an ethnic cleansing of Georgians. Russia recognised the independence of Abkhazia and South Ossetia from Georgia on 26 August and the Georgian government severed diplomatic relations with Russia. Russia mostly completed its withdrawal of troops from undisputed parts of Georgia on 8 October. Russian international relations were largely unharmed. The war displaced 192,000 people and while many returned to their homes after the war, 20,272 people, mostly ethnic Georgians, remained displaced as of 2014. In 2021, the European Court of Human Rights ruled that Russia maintained "direct control" over the separatist regions and was responsible for grave human rights abuses taking place there.[57][58]
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no hovoril som, citame z jedneho zdroja, len ten slovensky vyzera ma trosku nizsi peer review index.
inak ten "infamous report" si mozes precitat tu
https://rm.coe.int/consolidated-report- ... 1680a457d9ak teda nechapeme suvislosti, svet aj cela EU vtedy mala v pici, Gruzinsko je predsa len uz bezpecne daleko, a EU nepovedala, ze vojnu zacalo Gruzinsko, ale ze nema dostatocne dokazy aby dokazalo, ze proruski separatisti strielali na gruzinske dediny ako prvi. to je rusky modus operandi, ktory im funguje uz 15 rokov, pouzity rovnako v 2014, zrecyklovany aj dnes. Ak tu vojnu zacalo Gruzinsko, bez akejkolvek provokacie, potom tuto vojnu zacala Ukrajina, rovnakou logikou.